All-or-None - Muscle fiber contracts fully or it does not contract at all.

Blake, Arthur - American runner that came in 2nd in the 1896 Olympic 1500m (4.35,4).

Glucagon - The hormone from the pancreas that causes the release of stored carbohydrate in the liver to restore blood glucose levels. Glucagon is a mobilization hormone.

Glucose - The simplest sugar molecule. It's also the main sugar found in blood and is used as a basic fuel for the body.

Isotonic Contraction - In an isotonic contraction, the tension within the muscle remains the same throughout the motion, which is to say the force of the contraction remains constant. This is also called the positive portion of an exercise movement. There are two aspects of isotonic contraction, concentric, and eccentric. Concentric contraction occurs when the muscle fibers shorten as tension develops. At the onset of the movement, the actin and myosin filaments have tremendous pulling force. Thus you will be stronger in the initial phase of most movements. Toward the end or near the peak of contraction, the ability of the filaments to slide toward each other reaches a limit and strength weakens. An eccentric contraction is the type of muscle contraction that involves lengthening the muscle fibers, such as when a weight is lowered through a range of motion. The muscle yields to the resistance, allowing itself to be stretched. Here the actin and myosin slide away from each other. The level of force generated is much higher in the eccentric phase as opposed to the concentric phase. This is due to the added friction in the eccentric portion. Concentric aspect is a form of muscle contraction that occurs when muscle fibers shorten as tension develops. Eccentric aspect is a contraction that involves lengthening the muscle fibers, such as when a weight is lowered through a range of motion. The muscle yields to the resistance, allowing itself to be stretched. This is the age of the focused eccentric contraction. Too often bodybuilders focus their attention only on the positive motion (concentric) and pay little attention to the negative motion (eccentric). It is a matter of common sense to perform the lowering of resistance with at least as much focus and effort given to lifting the same weight.

Lingren, Jerry - Considered the world's greatest high school cross country runner of all time. Lingren did an exceptional amount of training, by his junior year he was running 150 miles a week.

Sleeve - The hollow metal tube fit over the bar on most exercise barbell and dumbbell sets. This sleeve makes it easier for the bar to rotate in your hands as you do an exercise. Spotters - Training partners who stand by to act as safety helpers when you perform such heavy exercises as squats and bench presses. If you get stuck under the weight or begin to lose control of it, spotters can rescue you and prevent needless injuries.

Tergat, Paul - The Kenyan, that was unbeaten in 1996 in significant cross country races - retained his World Cross Country title and added the Iaaf World Cross Challenge award.

Wide, Edvin - The Finnish-born Swede Edvin Wide was unlucky because he had to compete at the same days as Paavo Nurmi and Ville Ritola. This is why he never achieved an Olympic gold medal. He was always there after these two Finns; silver or bronze depending on if both Ritola and Nurmi were competing or only one of them.